Determinants of HPV vaccine acceptance among adults and parents in Italy: a nationwide survey

Abstract Background The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a key public health tool for cancer prevention, yet its uptake remains insufficient in many settings. This study investigated the factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptance among Italian adults and parents. Methods A web-based survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire targeting individuals aged 18 and older. We performed univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify determinants of vaccine uptake and acceptance, both in the general population and among parents. Results A total of 1,821participants completed the survey. HPV vaccination coverage was low: 6.9% in the overall sample and 7.6% among young adults (18-35 years). Among parents, 47.9% reported having vaccinated children aged 12-18, and 21.1% vaccinated adult children (>18 years). Higher health literacy was significantly associated to positive attitudes and receiving information from pediatricians or gynecologists increased the likelihood of vaccine uptake and intentions for future vaccinations among parents. Adequate knowledge and the parents’ own vaccination status were strong predictors of favorable attitudes and decision-making. Conclusions Our findings emphasize the central role of health professionals in HPV vaccination counseling and the importance of improving public knowledge to enhance vaccine acceptance. Tailored communication strategies are crucial to address persisting hesitancy and build confidence in HPV immunization.