Challenges for mental health among young people in postmodernity in Poland

Abstract Background Contemporary reality is considered ambivalent, difficult to understand and inconsistent. It is referred to as liquid modernity or postmodernity. Postmodernity is associated with an increased need to adapt to rapid changes and unpredictable circumstances. Methods The study was conducted as part of the international EARLY project to assess, identify and reduce the determinants of mental health conditions in youth .A total of 17 youth aged 15-23 took part in two focus groups in Poland. The average age of participants was 20 years. Most were women (60%), single (65%), university students (52%), and high school students (40%). One participant held a master's degree and was the only one employed. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Participants highlighted two perspectives on mental health: positive (contains good contact with others, supportive parents, wellbeing) and negative - suggesting mental health conditions (including loneliness, lack of understanding from others). They identified the prevalence of mental health issues within their age group, highlighting both externalising disorders-manifested through impulsive behaviours-and internalising disorders, reflected in depressive mood, anxiety and social withdrawal. Youth emphasised that they often feel unable to be themselves, with their personalities adapting to external conditions and environments. Conclusions The findings reflect the challenges young people face in navigating a fragmented and unpredictable postmodern society. The weakening of traditional support structures, combined with high societal expectations, places considerable psychological strain on youth, while at the same time needing social validation and institutional support. Ultimately, these insights suggest that addressing youth mental health requires both systemic changes and renewed emphasis on collective care and understanding.