Anchorage in Orthodontics: A Comprehensive Review of Conventional and Modern Techniques

Anchorage is central to orthodontic biomechanics, ensuring that desired tooth movements occur without unintended displacements. This review outlines the evolution of anchorage concepts, compares conventional intraoral and extraoral devices with modern skeletal anchorage methods, and evaluates their biomechanics, clinical applications, limitations, and patient centred outcomes. Representative case examples, complication management, and emerging technologies are summarized to provide a concise, evidence based guide for clinicians.