Public self-reported familiarity with thyroid disorders in Northern Cyprus

The thyroid gland plays a fundamental role in regulating the body's metabolism through the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), under the control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) produced by the pituitary gland. Maintaining this hormonal balance is essential for normal metabolic function and energy regulation. Disruptions in thyroid function, such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, may result in a wide range of health complications, including thyroid nodules and malignancies. Although thyroid disorders are increasingly recognized as a significant public health concern worldwide, data specific to Northern Cyprus remain limited and largely underreported. This highlights the need for region-specific research to support informed health policy and disease management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the self-reported familiarity about thyroid diseases in Northern Cyprus. The primary focus was on assessing public knowledge and understanding of these conditions to inform effective public health strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 662 participants aged 18–65, selected from six districts in Northern Cyprus. A stratified random sampling method was used to ensure representation across different regions and sociodemographic groups. Within each stratum, individuals from the general population were randomly selected to participate. Data collection was carried out in April and May of 2024. The survey included a structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, self-reported familiarity of thyroid disorders. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and t-tests, were performed using IBM SPSS v26. Out of 662 participants, 72% reported being public self-reported familiarity of thyroid disorders (95% CI 68.6%–75.4%). Public self-reported familiarity was significantly higher among women (78%; 95% CI 74.0%–84.0%) than men (68%; 95% CI 63.3%–72.7%) (p < 0.001). Knowledge of treatment was reported by 29% (95% CI 25.5%–32.5%), and 31% had undergone a thyroid test (95% CI 27.5%–34.5%). Females were more likely to be tested (19%; 95% CI 14.5%–23.5%) than males (13%; 95% CI 9.6%–16.4%) (p < 0.001). Public self-reported familiarity varied significantly by education and region, with college graduates and residents of Nicosia reporting higher familiarity. A small portion (10%; 95% CI 7.7%–12.3%) knew someone diagnosed with a thyroid disorder. Public self-reported familiarity of disease effects was 36% (95% CI 32.3%–39.7%). Public self-reported familiarity of thyroid diseases in Northern Cyprus is influenced by educational background and regional factors. Targeted interventions, such as health education campaigns and improved access to screening programs, are essential for enhancing early detection and effective management of thyroid disorders.