The role of magnesium in dermatology

Background: Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in over 300 enzymatic reactions and plays a key role in systemic metabolism, immune regulation, and tissue repair. Its role in skin physiology and disease has received growing attention but no comprehensive synthesis exists within dermatology. Objective: To review the physiologic functions of magnesium in skin biology, summarize preclinical and clinical data on therapeutic applications in dermatology, and identify gaps for future research. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted, including basic science, translational, and clinical studies evaluating magnesium in cutaneous biology and disease. Results: Magnesium influences keratinocyte proliferation, fibroblast migration, collagen synthesis, and barrier function. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggests potential benefits in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, wound healing, and photoprotection. Available clinical studies are limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous formulations, and variable outcome measures. Conclusions: Magnesium is a mechanistically supported and clinically promising adjunct candidate in dermatology. Larger randomized controlled trials in humans are needed to determine optimal formulations, dosing, and long-term safety, particularly in populations with altered magnesium metabolism.