Investigation of Ameliorative Effects of Black Rice and Purple Sweet Potato Extracts-rich Anthocyanins Against Animal Model of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

Background Nutraceuticals are popular because of a wide variety of biological actions, largely because of the contents present like alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, oils, tannins and several other phytochemicals. Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in plants as secondary metabolites and can be of great therapeutic interest for the management of metabolic illnesses linked to diabetes and resistance related to insulin signalling. Purpose To figure out how nutraceuticals work for the treatment/improvement of inflammation-associated conditions developed due to a high high-calorie containing fatty diet and developed obesity, insulin signalling abnormalities and type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods Intraperitoneal macrophages (IPMACs) were isolated from mice. These IPMACs were pretreated with extracts of black rice (BR) and purple sweet potato (PSP), followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge to evaluate their effect on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Further, the inhibitory effect of pretreatment with BR and PSP was evaluated on the release of LPS-mediated TNF-α and IL-6 in C57BL/6 mice. In a separate experiment, extracts of BR and PSP were given orally to obese mice (a diet containing 60% high-fat diet) for 30 days to assess their impact on insulin resistance-mediated type 2 diabetes. Results and Discussion Extracts of BR and PSP significantly reduced cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α in a dose-related manner in LPS-challenged macrophages. Treatment of diet-induced obesity mice with these extracts decreased fed blood glucose levels, supporting the hypothesis that reducing inflammation could help improve insulin resistance. Extracts of BR and PSP also attenuated peripheral insulin resistance after multiple days of treatment. Conclusion The results demonstrate that extracts of BR and PSP containing anthocyanins may be useful agents in improving inflammation-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.