Research on fire rescue suppression and control strategies for energy storage power stations based on case analysis

Driven by the global energy transition and carbon neutrality goals, lithium-ion battery storage systems (LiBSS) have been widely applied, yet their risk of thermal runaway has led to fire and even explosion accidents, posing a severe threat to the safety of rescue personnel. Through analyzing typical fire cases in energy storage stations and integrating fire rescue procedures, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the four primary risks of fire accidents in energy storage stations: high temperature, explosion, poisoning, and electric shock. The article presents relevant strategies for temperature reduction and cooling, cordoning off the area, respiratory protection, personal protection, and the selection of different fire extinguishing agents during the fire disposal process in energy storage stations. Using TNT vapor cloud equivalent modeling, the explosion equivalent of a 10 MWh station is estimated at 1.36 tons of TNT, with a lethal radius of 15.24 m and a severe injury radius of 42.09 m. Comparative analysis shows that evaporative cooling is 11.3 times more effective than convective cooling (2.26 MW vs. 0.2 MW). This provides theoretical guidance and practical reference for fire rescue in energy storage stations, helping to enhance rescue efficiency and safety levels.