STATE RESPONSIBILITY TOWARD PARTICIPANTS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE: A WELFARE STATE AND GOOD GOVERNANCE PERSPECTIVE

This study examines the state’s responsibility toward participants of Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) program from the perspectives of welfare state theory and good governance principles. Drawing on constitutional mandates, statutory frameworks, and international health governance standards, the discussion highlights the legal, social, and administrative obligations of the Indonesian government to ensure universal access, equity, and accountability in healthcare provision. Despite significant progress, challenges such as regional disparities, administrative inefficiencies, and financial constraints remain. By integrating welfare state ideals with robust governance mechanisms, Indonesia can enhance the effectiveness, fairness, and sustainability of JKN, ensuring the fulfillment of citizens’ constitutional right to health.