Impact of Koyna Dam Irrigation on Agriculture in Sangli District

Abstract Koyna Dam is one of the most important dams in Maharashtra known for its irrigation and hydroelectricity generation. The irrigation system of Koyna Dam has brought about significant changes in the agricultural development of Sangli district. For this study, the irrigation facilities of Koyna Dam and the changes in cropping pattern have been analyzed from 1971-72 to 2011-12. The study was based on secondary data, in which District Socio-Economic Survey 1971-72 and 2011-12 have been used. The study shows that there has been an increase in both the irrigated area and the total area under crops. The area of cash crops has increased rapidly, with sugarcane showing the highest increase. On the contrary, crops like millet and pulses have decreased. These changes make it clear that due to the irrigation of Koyna Dam, agriculture in Sangli district has shifted towards cash crops. The irrigation facilities of Koyna Dam have brought about significant changes in the agricultural sector of Sangli district. Irrigation has ensured regular availability of water for agriculture, which has increased the productivity of crops and has also led to changes in the crop choices of farmers. As farmers have started growing commercial crops, their economic condition has improved, and positive changes are also being seen in the agricultural production and economy of the district.