Tradition-Based Business Models for Environmental Sustainability and Sustainable Land Use

Abstract This paper explores how tradition-based business models (TBMs) integrate indigenous knowledge with sustainability goals by combining ecological balance and economic resilience. In agriculture, Zero Budget Natural Farming in Andhra Pradesh reduced chemical fertilizer use by 90% while raising farm profitability by 30%, benefiting over 7.5 lakh farmers across 3,000 villages. Sikkim, the world’s first 100% organic state, brought 75,000 hectares under organic farming, improving biodiversity and farmer incomes. In water management, more than 12,000 Johads restored by Tarun Bharat Sangh rejuvenated 36 rivers and raised groundwater levels by up to 6 meters across 1,200 villages. The Phad irrigation system in Maharashtra has sustained equitable water sharing for centuries and continues to irrigate 9,000 hectares today. In the cultural sector, India’s handloom employs 4.3 million households, while khadi turnover reached ₹54,000 crore in 2022–23, reflecting economic strength. Organic exports also rose from ₹1,866 crore in 2010–11 to ₹7,078 crore in 2021–22, with projections to reach ₹7,500 crore by 2024. These findings demonstrate that TBMs enhance environmental sustainability, rural livelihoods, and women’s empowerment, offering a replicable model for inclusive and climate-resilient growth.