Examining the Role of Food and Nutrition in Public Health and Economic Development: A Focus on India

This paper explores the intricate relationship between food, nutrition, health, and economic development in India. Despite advancements in food production, India faces a dual nutritional challenge—undernutrition and rising overnutrition—impacting both public health and productivity. Undernutrition leads to stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies, while overnutrition contributes to non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular ailments. These conditions impose significant economic costs, reducing workforce efficiency and increasing healthcare expenditure. The study highlights the importance of sustainable and technology-driven food systems, biodiversity preservation, and multi-sectoral governance to combat malnutrition. Policy initiatives like ICDS, NFSA, and Mid-Day Meal Schemes demonstrate progress. Strengthening nutrition investment, integrating technology, and ensuring climate-resilient food systems can secure India’s path toward a healthier, more equitable, and sustainable future.