Удосконалення державної політики протидії кіберзлочинності на основі досвіду країн Європейського Союзу

The article analyzes the Criminal Codes of some European Union countries, namely: the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and the Republic of Lithuania. The experience of these countries is fundamentally important for Ukraine, since they were also under the Soviet occupation regime. The genesis of the formation of the criminal system in the Republic of Poland as a whole is analyzed in detail, and responsibility for cybercrimes in particular is determined. The historical milestones of the formation of the criminal law system in the Czech Republic from the Middle Ages to the present day are studied. Bulgaria’s experience in establishing criminal liability for cybercrimes is comprehensively analyzed in the context of studying the Criminal Code, where special attention is focused on considering aggravating circumstances, which is very important when it is necessary to counteract hybrid wars and provide information protection for critical infrastructure. Having analyzed the Criminal Code of the Republic of Lithuania, attention was focused on the variety of punishments for cybercrimes. In addition, a distinctive feature of Lithuanian legislation is the presence of criminal liability of legal entities. As a result of the scientific research, the main historical stages of the formation of the policy of combating cybercrime in the Republic of Poland, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and the Republic of Lithuania were identified. A comprehensive analysis of the main regulatory documents establishing criminal liability for crimes related to cybercrime was carried out and the distinctive features of each country were identified. It is proved that during the reform of criminal legislation in Ukraine in the context of European integration processes there is an urgent need to take into account the experience of European countries, however, the specific features of the Criminal Law of certain countries should be taken into account, and therefore this process should be approached gradually and selectively.