Investigating the Influence of Driving Conditions on the Energy Output of Regenerative Shock Absorbers in Electrical Vehicles.

The increasing adoption of electrical vehicles (EVs) necessitates innovative approaches to enhance energy efficiency and extend driving range. Regenerative shock absorbers (RSAs) represent a promising technology capable of converting kinetic energy, conventionally dissipated as heat in vehicle suspension systems, into usable electrical energy. This comprehensive study delves into the intricate relationship between various driving conditions and the energy output of an electromagnetic regenerative shock absorber integrated within an EV. Utilizing a quarter-car dynamic model, simulations were rigorously conducted across a spectrum of road surface profiles, ranging from smooth urban asphalt to rough, uneven terrain (classified according to established standards), and at varying constant vehicle speeds representative of typical urban and highway driving. The instantaneous power generation and the cumulative energy harvested over standardized travel distances were meticulously calculated for each distinct driving scenario. The findings reveal a pronounced correlation between road surface roughness and the magnitude of harvested energy, consistently demonstrating higher energy yields on less-smooth surfaces where suspension activity is more pronounced. Furthermore, vehicle speed was identified as a critical factor, influencing not only the frequency and amplitude characteristics of suspension oscillations but also the overall efficiency of the energy regeneration process. This research provides quantitative insights into the real-world energy harvesting potential of RSAs under diverse and realistic driving conditions, offering valuable data for the informed design, precise control, and sophisticated energy management strategies crucial for maximizing the benefits of RSAs in future electrical vehicle platforms and effectively contributing to extended driving range.