ANTIDIABETIC EFFICACY AND IN SILICO SAFETY EVALUATION OF Aloe ferox HERBAL

ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokine dysregulation. Aloe ferox, rich in anthraquinones, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds, has been traditionally used for glycemic control, yet its toxicological profile remain underexplored. This study evaluated the biochemical efficacy and in silico pharmacological and toxicity potential of Aloe ferox as an anti-diabetic agent. Drug-likeness, and toxicity profiles were assessed computationally. In vivo, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administered A. ferox and key biochemical markers were analyzed, including Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), Cystatin-C (CYS-C), Urea, Creatinine, and serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium and biocarbonate). Favorable pharmacokinetic profiles, adhering to Lipinski’s and Veber’s rules. ADMET predictions indicated high gastrointestinal absorption, with moderate toxicity risks. From in vivio studies, A. ferox administration significantly reduced FBS (p<0.05), KIM-1, and Cystatin-C levels, while improving renal function markers and electrolyte balance compared to diabetic controls. The study demonstrates that A. ferox phytochemicals exhibit potent anti-diabetic and nephroprotective activities, supported by favorable in silico drug-likeness and safety profiles. These findings substantiate Aloe ferox as a promising candidate for adjunctive diabetes therapy, warranting further mechanistic and clinical investigations. It is worthy of note however that while Aloe forex may exhibit anti-diabetic efficacy, some moderate organ toxicity and genotoxic effects may still be possible. These findings call for further focused computational studies and formulation development in order to make Aloe ferox much safer as an effective and natural adjunct in diabetes management.