Effect of a Nursing Educational Program Based on Theory of Planned Behavior in Enhancing Bronchial Asthma Management: A Quasi-experimental Study

Background: Effective management of bronchial asthma depends on a combination of appropriate medical care and the patient's active participation in self-management to achieve the best possible health outcomes. Nevertheless, managing asthma independently can be difficult, as the disease is lifelong, unpredictable, and varies in its course over time. It also places psychological demands on patients, requiring sufficient knowledge, motivation, self-confidence, and behavioural adaptation skills to maintain proper control of the condition. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-based nursing educational intervention in enhancing bronchial asthma management. Methods: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest control group design with repeated measures was used. Tools: Tool I: Socio-demographic Characteristics and Medical Data Questionnaires, Tool II: Patients' Asthma Knowledge Questionnaires (PAKQ), Tool III: Asthma Control Test (ACT), Tool IV: Inhaler Use Scale (IUS), & Tool V: Allergen-Exposure Avoidance Scale (AEAS). Setting: A study was conducted in the chest outpatient clinics at South Valley University Hospital, Egypt. Sample: A purposive sample of 100 patients was divided into two equal groups with 50 patients in each group. Results: The study group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in asthma knowledge (PAKQ scores) at one month and three months post-intervention. Significant enhancements were also observed in asthma control, proper inhaler use, and allergen-exposure avoidance behaviors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings highlight the effectiveness of TPB-based nursing educational program in improving multiple aspects of asthma management, including knowledge, disease control, and self-care practices. Recommendation: Incorporating structured behavioural interventions into routine nursing care may reduce asthma-related complications and hospitalizations, ultimately improving patients’ asthma control.