Nano-Micellar Formulation of Coenzyme Q10 Enhances Its Pharmacokinetic profile and Gastroprotective Effect Against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

Objectives Coenzyme Q10 (Q10), a potent lipophilic antioxidant, faces challenges, including poor water solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability. This study aimed to explore the significance of nano-micelles as a delivery system for Q10, focusing on their ability to enhance solubility, stability, and absorption through the investigation of the pharmacokinetic of the free drug versus its nano form. Further study was performed to compare the prophylactic efficiency of both formula against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Methods 30 Wistar rats were allocated either to pharmacokinetic or experimental groups. A nano-micelles were prepared by thin-film hydration method. Results Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed enhanced bioavailability of Q10 nano- micelles approximately double that of the free drug. Pretreatment with either Q10 or its nanoparticles could reinstate the gastric tissue redox balance and the expression of VEGF, iNOS, and IGF-1 genes. Tissue examination revealed improved histomorphology, enhanced protective mucous production, and significantly decreased immunohistochemical expression of the caspase-3 and NF-κB/sirt1, with a preference for nano Q10 over free Q10. Conclusion Usage of nano- micelles Q10 highlighted an increase in its plasma concentration and bioavailability, suggesting its potential effect for improved therapeutic outcomes with reduced dosage, making it a useful prophylactic measure against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer.