The clinical applications of brain–computer interfaces

Abstract With the establishment of interdisciplinary platforms in medical engineering, the twenty‐first century has witnessed rapid advancements in brain‒computer interface (BCI) technology, demonstrating significant potential in clinical applications. The fundamental framework of BCIs encompasses signal acquisition, preprocessing, feature extraction, signal translation, and control devices. This article explores the applications of BCIs across various disorders, including post‐stroke motor recovery, consciousness disorders, mental health, and neurological diseases. Through technological innovations, BCI technology has assisted patients in overcoming communication and motor impairments resulting from neurological damage. By bypassing damaged neural pathways and enabling bidirectional interactions with brain signals, BCIs facilitate the gradual rehabilitation of motor functions in post‐stroke patients and show promise in treating psychiatric disorders such as depression. Compared with traditional treatment methods, BCI technology has several unique advantages. Despite challenges in signal processing accuracy, hardware stability, and real‐time data processing technology, technological innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration facilitate greater breakthroughs in the near future for BCIs. In summary, the clinical application of BCI technology presents unprecedented opportunities and challenges in modern healthcare, underscoring the need for continued research and development in this area.