The Role of Gut Microbiota in Human Health and Immunity: A Review for Students

The human gut hosts trillions of microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota. These microbes are crucial for digestion, vitamin production, and immune system regulation. Recent studies have linked changes in gut microbial composition to disorders such as obesity, diabetes, depression, and autoimmune diseases. This article reviews the current understanding of gut microbiota and highlights its significance for maintaining human health. The aim is to provide students with a foundational overview of how microbes interact with the human body to promote well-being and prevent disease.