ALIGNING NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEGISLATION WITH INTERNATIONAL TREATIES ON MARINE PLASTIC WASTE IN INDONESIA

Indonesia has ratified numerous international environmental agreements, including the Marine Pollution Convention (MARPOL 1973/1978), the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982), the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal (1989), the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD 1992), the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC 1992), and the Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) Convention (2001), among others. While these agreements provide norms related to marine plastic waste, such provisions remain limited. Following ratification, Indonesia has undertaken legislative, administrative, institutional, and funding measures to implement these agreements at the national and regional levels. Concurrently, negotiations on a new international plastic waste agreement are ongoing, and this study examines Indonesia’s role and the relationship between the zero draft of the Global Plastic Treaty and existing international agreements. This article reviews the ratification process, law formation, institutional arrangements, administrative measures, and funding related to marine plastic waste in Indonesia. Findings indicate that Indonesia already has regulations implementing ratified agreements and aligning with the draft Global Plastic Treaty, reflecting a strong national commitment. The study recommends that both existing and upcoming international agreements should be leveraged to maximize benefits for the welfare of the Indonesian people.