Models of Acoustic Resonators in Studies of Sound-Absorbing Structures

This paper provides a comprehensive review of four primary models used to represent Helmholtz resonators in sound-absorbing structures. The purpose of the article is to analyze these models in the context of their application, accuracy, and suitability for different types of acoustic problems. The review focuses on: the simple harmonic oscillator model, which provides a basic yet effective approach for estimating resonance frequencies; the wave equation model, which is well-suited for complex geometries and wave propagation phenomena; the electrical analogy model, used to represent resonators in systems with multiple interacting elements; and the Finite Element Method (FEM), offering high precision for detailed simulations of complex acoustic systems. For each model, typical calculation problems are discussed to highlight their practical applications, along with examples from existing research. Additionally, the article provides recommendations for further development of these models. This review serves as a foundation for selecting appropriate modeling methods for various acoustic design challenges and offers guidance for future research in this field.