Empowering Undocumented Indonesian Migrant Workers in
\nSarawak through Social Capital Enhancement

Bilateral cooperative relations between Malaysia and Indonesia have experienced fluctuating dynamics, especially concerning the presence of Indonesian migrant workers. While documented workers generally face minimal challenges, our focus lies on the often-overlooked situation of 
\nundocumented Indonesian migrant workers across various sectors in Malaysia. This vulnerable group lacks adequate social and legal protection, posing economic and legal risks. This study aims to address the issue of 
\npoverty faced by undocumented Indonesian migrant workers who continue to live and work in Malaysia. Additionally, it maps the roles played by both Indonesian and Malaysian governments and civil society in providing 
\npoverty alleviation support to this group. Methods: In the first year of this research, we focus on formulating an empowerment model for undocumented Indonesian migrant workers to sustain themselves in productive work through social capital management in Sarawak City. 
\nFindings indicate that the development of an empowerment model for undocumented migrants should prioritize legal support, cooperation and partnership, networking, training, and regulatory socialization. This approach will help them obtain better legality and job security. Some migrant workers have obtained permanent residency, while others have 
\ngained access to improved economic and social opportunities. These improvements are expected to enhance their social and economic resilience, ultimately enabling them to achieve greater success.