Artificial Intelligence: A Twenty First Century Regulatory Challenge

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a twenty first century evolution. Certain aspects of
\nAI have been integrated into daily living. AI applications have also been
\nincorporated into the aviation, banking, cyber security, educational,
\nemployment, health, and military sectors respectively. However, the
\nunpredictable nature of AI is a cause for concern because ‘In many instances,
\nAI remains under the control of users and designers, but in increasing numbers
\nof applications, the behaviour of a system cannot be predicted by those involved
\nin design and application […]. Newly developed machines are able to teach
\nthemselves and even collect data’. Consequently, ‘The potential benefits and
\nharms of AI have led to calls for governments to adapt quickly to the changes
\nAI is already delivering and the potentially transformative changes to come.
\nThese include calls to pause AI development and for countries […] to deliver a
\nstep-change in regulation’. ‘In March 2023, more than 1,000 artificial
\nintelligence experts, researchers and backers signed an open letter calling for
\nan immediate pause on the creation of “giant” AIs for at least six months, so
\nthe capabilities and dangers of such systems can be properly studied and
\nmitigated’ . What are the benefits of AI? What are the risks of AI? Which crimes
\ncan be committed via AI? What are the regulatory challenges? What has been
\nthe international response? In this article, we will explore whether there is a
\njustification for regulating AI from ethical, legal and law enforcement
\nperspectives.