Extraction of Natural Colorant from Clitoria ternatea Flowers Using
\nConventional Solvent Extraction (CSE) and Ultrasound-Assisted
\nExtraction (UAE) Techniques: Kinetic Modeling and
\nCompound Stability

The Clitoria ternatea flowers, a prevalent local commodity in Indonesia, are
\nextensively found, particularly in the East Java region. One approach to enhance
\nthe utility and economic significance of these flowers involves isolating their
\nactive component, specifically anthocyanin. Anthocyanins have several health
\nbenefits, especially in preventing cardiovascular disease, improving vision, and
\nbeing anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. The isolation methods
\nused in this research were conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasonic-
\nassisted extraction (UEA) methods. The use of UAE has been experimentally
\nproven to accelerate the extraction rate of bioactive compounds. This dal is caused
\nby a driving force in the form of energy produced from bubble cavitation resulting
\nfrom ultrasonic energy. The specific aim of this study was to compare the
\neffectiveness of the two methods in anthocyanin isolation. The extraction stages
\nwere carried out at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C operating temperatures, with an S/L
\nratio of 1:10, 1:15, 1:20:1:25, and 1:30 with samples conditioned in dry and wet
\nconditions. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEA)
\ninvolve dry samples with a S/L ratio of 1:30 at a temperature of 70°C with the
\nresulting final concentration of 16.5234 g/L. This configuration ensures an
\nefficient extraction process, completed in less than 30 minutes, thereby
\npreventing the degradation of anthocyanins. Analysis indicates that the
\nextraction process adheres to a second-order kinetic model with a constant (k) of
\n0.1039. Stability testing revealed that the first–order kinetic model accurately
\nrepresents the impact of temperature on anthocyanin degradation.