Dielectric Characterization of Skeletal Muscle Cell Culture Medium Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

The dielectric properties of biological culture media play a critical role in accurately modeling and optimizing in vitro electrical stimulation systems. This study presents the dielectric characterization of a skeletal muscle cell differentiation medium using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with a custom‐designed three‐electrode stainless steel setup. Impedance measurements were conducted across a frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz and fitted to a Randles equivalent circuit, yielding excellent agreement with experimental data ( χ 2 = 0.0833). Analysis focused on the frequency range of interest for stimulation applications (1–100 Hz), where results demonstrated marked frequency‐dependent behavior in conductivity (ranging from 0.07 to 4.7 S/m) and relative permittivity ( ε ′ exceeding 2 × 10 9 at 1 Hz), indicative of α ‐dispersion and interfacial polarization effects. The medium's high ionic conductivity and dielectric response were comparable to those observed in standard saline and physiological solutions, reinforcing its suitability for bioelectrical applications. While the use of stainless‐steel electrodes facilitated low‐cost fabrication and stable measurements, minor variability in the impedance signal may reflect surface redox activity. Future work will involve integrating live‐cell systems, refining electrode materials, and extending equivalent circuit models to capture diffusion‐related phenomena for real‐time monitoring in organ‐on‐a‐chip platforms.