On the Usability of Isolation Forest for 3D Mesh Analysis and Watermarking

Three-dimensional assets have evolved into a pivotal element within the domains of electronic entertainment, medicine, and engineering. Unfortunately, 3D models comprise voluminous data, which is not readily amenable to analysis or to the application of simple algorithms. This study thoroughly analyses the usability of the classical Isolation Forest (IF) method as a novel instrument for 3D mesh analysis. Given the atypical nature of 3D model data, it was necessary to obtain the special multidimensional feature vector (FV) associated with each vertex. The FV codes information regarding the local curvature of the surface in the vicinity of the vertex. As demonstrated by experimental studies, the IF analysis is capable of detecting geometrical details, areas of dense, complex geometry, strong bends, and folds in the mesh. This finding indicates a significant steganographic potential, which prompted the authors to employ research findings in the domain of 3D mesh watermarking as a practical illustration. Thanks to IF, a new steganographic method was developed that is characterised by higher transparency, achieved by hiding data in areas of complex geometry. The study proves the high potential of IF for analysing and watermarking 3D models, representing a meaningful step toward broader applications of IF in this field.