SAT-687 Hormonal and Metabolic Dysregulation in Overweight and Obesity: Analysis of Key Biomarkers and Correlations

Abstract Disclosure: A. Poplawska-Kita: None. M. Kościuszko: None. A. Buczyńska: None. K. Sobieska: None. A. Kretowski: None. Obesity is a widespread disease causing numerous comorbidities and disrupting adipocyte function, leading to impaired adipokine secretion essential for normoglycemia, weight regulation, fertility, appetite control, and overall systemic health. This study evaluated the levels of leptin, adiponectin, asprosin, oxyntomodulin (OXM), serpin (PAI-1), pancreatic polypeptide (PPY), ghrelin, and amylin in overweight individuals (O1, n = 40) and obese individuals (O2, n = 50) compared to a healthy control group (n = 30). Furthermore, a detailed assessment of body composition was performed using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method, ensuring precise measurements. Significant changes in biomarker levels were observed between the groups, suggesting important clinical implications.Leptin, a marker of adiposity, was significantly elevated in both O1 and O2 compared to the control group (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively), reflecting the increased fat tissue burden. Conversely, adiponectin, a key regulator of insulin sensitivity, was significantly reduced in both O1 and O2 (p < 0.0001), indicating impaired metabolic regulation. Asprosin, a fasting-induced hormone promoting glucose release, was significantly elevated in O1 (p < 0.01) and O2 (p < 0.0001), potentially contributing to hyperglycemia. Oxyntomodulin (OXM), an anorexigenic hormone, showed statistically significant changes in fasting levels exclusively in the obese group, with a marked increase compared to both the control group (p < 0.0001) and the overweight group (p < 0.0001). Serpin (PAI-1), associated with thrombosis and inflammation, was moderately elevated in O1 and O2 (p < 0.05). Ghrelin, a hunger-stimulating hormone, was significantly lower in O2 (p < 0.01), while amylin, was moderately reduced in O2 (p < 0.05), reflecting disruptions in appetite regulation and glucose metabolism.Correlations with anthropometric measures highlighted key clinical relationships. Leptin showed a strong positive correlation with fat mass in O1 (r = 0.54, p < 0.001) and O2 (r = 0.40, p < 0.001), reinforcing its role in adiposity assessment. Adiponectin exhibited a significant inverse correlation with fat mass in both groups (O1: r = -0.43, p < 0.001; O2: r = -0.33, p < 0.05), emphasizing its protective metabolic role. Asprosin demonstrated a strong positive correlation with fat mass (O1: r = 0.60, p < 0.001; O2: r = 0.52, p < 0.001) and a negative correlation with muscle mass and basal metabolic rate, suggesting its utility as a marker of metabolic dysregulation. The positive correlation between OXM and muscle mass in O2 patients may represent compensatory metabolic adaptations in response to disorders associated with excessive body weight. These findings reveal profound metabolic and hormonal disturbances in overweight and obesity, highlighting novel potential biomarkers for clinical assessment and therapeutic targeting. Presentation: Saturday, July 12, 2025