Administrative and Legal Regulation of the Electronic Identification of Citizens

The relevance of researching administrative and legal regulation of electronic identification of citizens is due to the rapid spread of digital services and the regulatory inconsistency of Ukrainian legislation with the challenges of the digital environment. The study aims to outline ways to improve the legal regulation of electronic identification, taking into account national and international practices, judicial developments, and technical standards. The study utilizes a theoretical-legal analysis of the laws of Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany, France, and the U.S.; an analysis of 8 rulings from Ukraine's Supreme and Constitutional Courts; a content analysis of the activities of specialized agencies (Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine, National Bank of Ukraine, SE “Diia”, Central Certification Authority); and a comparative law approach. The findings revealed that Ukraine's legal framework has systemic flaws, is not harmonised with eIDAS, and its case law is legally fragmented. The scientific novelty of this study is its holistic analysis of the legal, institutional, and technical aspects of digital identification. Future research directions include examining biometric models, the use of artificial intelligence in the legal field, and the digital divide in access to electronic services.