Archaeological and Historical Insights from Dharmasala: A Study of Ancient and Medieval Settlements

Abstract: This article presents an archaeological study of the Dharmasala region in Odisha, focusing on its geographical significance, ancient settlements, and material culture spanning from the ancient to early medieval periods. The region's strategic location, with its proximity to major rivers like the Brahmani and Genguti, is explored alongside significant archaeological findings. Key sites such as Kadala (Saroi) hill and Dakshina Shasana reveal a rich history of habitation, as evidenced by surface discoveries of pottery, stone tools, and sculptures. Among the most notable finds is the joint image of Shiva and Parvati, worshipped as the village deity Duarasuni, and numerous artifacts suggesting local iron production and medieval settlement. The study highlights the continuity of human habitation in the area, from ancient times through the medieval period, providing insights into the cultural, religious, and socio-economic practices of the people. The disturbances caused by modern quarrying activities have limited further exploration, but the collected antiquities offer valuable evidence of Dharmasala’s historical significance. The article concludes that the region played a crucial role as a settlement area, with its rich material culture reflecting the evolution of both religious practices and daily life across centuries.