EXPERIENCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SOLITARY PLASMACYTOMAS: A SINGLE-CENTER STUDY FROM DAKAR, SENEGAL

Introduction: Solitary plasmacytomas occur most frequently in bones, but can also be seen in soft tissues. The aim of this study was to describe the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of plasmacytoma.Methodology: We carried out a retrospective descriptive study from January 2017 to January 2022 in the clinical hematology department in Dakar. Clinical and paraclinical data were collected from patients physical medical records. Results: Symptomatology was dominated by bone pain (3 cases), followed by spinal cord compression found in 2 patients; 1 case of localized swelling was noted. CT scans revealed bone masses in 4 patients; 2 patients had extraosseous localizations. Immunohistochemistry showed plasmacytoma of IgG Kappa phenotype in 5 patients; one patient had plasmacytoma of Ig G lambda phenotype. All patients underwent melphalan-prednisone chemotherapy. Five patients benefited from radiotherapy and only one patient underwent surgery. Progression was marked by complete remission in 3 patients, progression to multiple myeloma; 2 patients were lost to follow-up.Conclusion: Solitary bone plasmacytoma and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma represent a rare subgroup of plasma cell dyscrasias. As such, it has been difficult to build large cohorts and conduct clinical trials that would change the treatment paradigm for solitary plasmacytomas.