Image Reconstruction in Ultrasonography: A Literature Review

Medical imaging has become an indispensable tool in clinical diagnosis, driven by advances in physics applied to medicine. In this context, various imaging modalities—based on ionizing and non-ionizing radiation—have been developed from different physical principles, enabling the generation of images with specific characteristics and resolutions. Among these techniques, ultrasonography (US) stands out for using high-frequency sound waves to produce real-time images. Therefore, this work aims to present a literature review focused on image reconstruction methods applied to ultrasonography. For this purpose, articles published in English between 2020 and April 2025 were selected from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The analysis covered the physical principles of image formation, beamforming techniques, signal conversion processes, and processing algorithms used to enhance the quality of the resulting images, highlighting recent advances in the field and their impact on clinical practice.