Methodology for developing accuracy and effectiveness in goal shooting among 12–14-year-old handball players

This study aimed to develop and test a scientifically grounded methodology for improving goal‑shooting accuracy and efficiency in 12–14‑year‑old handball players. According to the International Handball Federation’s Handball at School programmed, shooting is the decisive motor action in handball; it comprises multiple variations such as jump, running, set, underarm, curved, lob and spin shots whose effectiveness depends on situational and individual factors. Early adolescence is characterized by rapid somatic growth and nervous system development, making it crucial to consolidate previously learned techniques, strengthen general physical preparedness and determine individual aptitude. Forty male handball players (mean age 13 ± 0.9 y) were allocated to experimental (n = 20) and control (n = 20) groups. Over 12 weeks the experimental group trained three times per week using integrational (4+5) and positional (11+6) shooting drills on a “Handball goal target” (GDN) device, whereas controls followed standard training.