Clinical Pharmacology of Psychotropic Drugs

Psychotropic drugs form the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for mental disorders including depression, anxiety disorders, psychoses, bipolar affective disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This review summarizes mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, drug interactions, and clinical monitoring requirements for major classes of psychotropic agents. Particular attention is paid to rational prescribing principles, special population considerations, and emerging trends in drug development. Understanding pharmacological properties and safety profiles is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes and minimizing harm in patients receiving psychotropic treatment.