Wound Healing Potential of Basil Leaf (Ocimum sanctum L.) Extract Gel: Fibroblast Response in Post-Tooth Extraction Sockets of Wistar Rats

Background: Tooth extraction is a minor surgical procedure involving the removal of a damaged or non-restorable tooth from its socket, such as in cases of pulpal necrosis. This procedure results in tissue injury that initiates a wound healing process. Fibroblasts play a critical role in the healing phase by synthesizing structural proteins essential for tissue regeneration. Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) contain active compounds known to enhance fibroblast migration and proliferation, potentially accelerating wound healing. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of basil leaf extract gel on the fibroblast count in post-extraction wound healing in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This was a laboratory-based experimental study involving 32 male Wistar rats, randomly divided into two groups. The treatment group received 1.5% basil leaf extract gel, while the control group received a gel base of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na). The wound healing response was evaluated on day 7 post-extraction by assessing fibroblast counts histologically. Results: Administration of 1.5% basil leaf extract gel significantly increased the number of fibroblast on day 7 compared to the control group (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The application of 1.5% basil leaf extract gel positively influences fibroblast proliferation, thus enhancing the healing process of post-tooth extraction wounds in Wistar rats.