A Review paper on Serverless Web Applications: Benefits and Challenges in Cloud Computing

The emergence of serverless computing has significantly transformed the development and deployment process of modern web applications. Serverless architecture, a cloud computing execution model where the cloud provider dynamically manages the allocation of machine resources, eliminates the need for traditional server management by developers. This model, often implemented through Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) platforms such as AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, and Google Cloud Functions, provides automatic scaling, high availability, and a pay-as-you-go pricing model, making it particularly attractive for startups and agile development teams. This review paper explores how serverless web applications operate within cloud ecosystems and evaluates the benefits that have made them increasingly popular among developers and enterprises. These advantages include reduced operational complexity, rapid deployment cycles, cost efficiency, and improved scalability. Alongside these strengths, the paper also examines the key challenges that accompany serverless computing, such as cold start latency, vendor lock-in, limited debugging capabilities, execution time limits, and concerns regarding security and privacy. By studying current literature, real-world use cases, and technological trends, this paper aims to provide a balanced perspective on the effectiveness of serverless architectures in solving modern web application development problems. The paper also identifies gaps in current research and discusses future opportunities for enhancing serverless technologies. As cloud computing continues to evolve, understanding serverless systems is critical for building efficient, resilient, and scalable applications in the digital era.