Analysis of Factors Affecting Implant Placement in Posterior Maxilla With Lateral Window Sinus Lift Technique; A CBCT Study

Objective: To identify and analyse factors influencing lateral sinus augmentation for implant placement in the posterior maxillary region. Study Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Periodontology department at University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore between January 2024 to June 2024. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Periodontology, University College of Dentistry. Using CBCT (Cone Beam Computed Tomography) scans from 278 cases with missing posterior maxillary teeth, the study analysed factors like sinus angle, sinus septa presence, angle of sinus, posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) visibility and distance of PSAA from the superior and inferior border of the potential window. Results: Key findings include a predominance of PSAA within the intra-osseous region (92.6%) and variations in distances from the PSAA to the superior and inferior borders of the planned lateral window. Additionally, the study highlighted a low incidence of maxillary sinus septa (5%). Schneiderian membrane thickness was less than 3mm in 79% of the cases, and variations in maxillary sinus shape were noted to be an angle greater than 30 degrees in 90.1% of the cases. The location of PSAA was intraosseous in 75 (92.6%) cases whereas in the remaining 6 (7.4%) cases it was not evident intraosseously. Conclusion: In conclusion, CBCT proved crucial for treatment planning, and thorough evaluation of PSAA's relationship with sub-antral bone height was emphasized for safe lateral sinus augmentation procedures in posterior maxillary implant placements. The study contributes valuable insights for dental practitioners involved in implant planning and sinus surgeries.