Primary Infertility in The Case of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, a hormonal condition that affects women of reproductive age and accounts for approximately 75% of infertility cases. World Health Organization (WHO) stated that around 116 million women globally were affected by PCOS. PCOS is the most common endocrine disease in reproductive-age women, with a prevalence of 5-10% of cases. The etiology of PCOS is unknown. There are several factors associated with PCOS, including genetic, environmental, lifestyle, and stress factors. PCOS presents with various complaints of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism, seborrhea, acne), menstrual cycle dysfunction, and overweight. Impairment of feedback between the hypothalamus-pituitary axis and ovary increases estrogen secretion, decreasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Patients with PCOS can lead to infertility. Infertility caused by PCOS is thought to be related to a dysfunction in developing mature follicles that causes anovulation. FSH and estrogen will be within normal laboratory limits. LH can be normal or increased. Delayed diagnosis often causes PCOS treatment to be inappropriate, which ends in infertility. PCOS is a chronic condition and cannot be cured, but treatments can improve symptoms. Management of subfertility associated with PCOS is often centered on lifestyle changes, pharmacotherapy, surgical treatment, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART).