The impact of menopause on sexual health a cross-sectional study using data from women living in Northern Greece

Menopause represents a significant life transition for women, often accompanied by physical, psychological, and sexual health challenges. With the increasing life expectancy in women, a considerable part of their life will be spent in the postmenopausal period. The decline in estrogen levels leads to vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats, as well as psychological symptoms, including anxiety, depression, and irritability. Sexual dysfunction is another key concern, with many menopausal women experiencing reduced libido, vaginal dryness, and pain during intercourse. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of menopause on sexual health. The study sample consisted of 100 menopausal and 101 non-menopausal women aged 45-55. An anonymous questionnaire included sociodemographic questions, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), the DASS-21 index, MENQOL index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SF-12 questionnaire, and the Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRS). The results showed that menopausal women had significantly lower sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and satisfaction, with higher levels of sexual discomfort and pain (P<0.001). Increased sexual and vasomotor symptoms were associated with poorer sexual function, while psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) compounded the challenges of sexual dysfunction. Poor sleep quality also had adverse effects on sexual health. Menopause is strongly associated with declines in sexual function, highlighting the need for healthcare providers to offer guidance and treatment options tailored to women's health history and preferences. Lifestyle changes, like regular physical exercise and a healthy diet, alongside psychological and medical interventions, can play a role in the improvement of sexual health and quality of life.