Factors Associated with The Incidence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) Among Pregnant Women in Indonesia: an Analysis of Indonesian Health Survey (IHS) 2023

Introduction: The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is indicated as one of Nation’s health performance which is noted 189 per 100,000 live births in Indonesia at 2020. Maternal death can prevented by maintaining good quality of antenatal care (ANC) to identify the modifiable risk factors include Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED).Objective: To analyze IHS 2023 data in order to determine the factors associated with the prevalence of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in Indonesian pregnant women.Methods: This study uses a cross-sectional study design with secondary data sourced from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (IHS) and the population of all women aged 10-45 years. Descriptive analysis was conducted to summarize the characteristics of the respondents. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square tests and a simple logistic regression test. Multivariate analysis was performed with multiple logistic regression.Results: Research shows that 14% of pregnant women are in the condition of CED (LiLA 23.5 cm). Bivariate analysis showed that maternal age, parity, education, area of residence, supplementary feeding (PMT), and defecation behavior were related to CED in pregnant women (p-value: ≤0.05). Multivariate analysis, show the most dominant variables related to CED in pregnant women were age, area of residence, and supplementary feeding (PMT).Conclusion: The factors of CED in pregnant women tend to be complex. The results of this study are expected to contribute to increasing the preventive efforts of the government, health workers, and the community related to CED, especially for pregnant women in order to prepare for a healthy pregnancy and form quality human resources.