A Rare Clinical Portrait: Unveiling the Complexities of Foster-Kennedy Syndrome

Introduction: Foster-Kennedy Syndrome (FKS) is an uncommon neuro-ophthalmological disorder characterized by unilateral blindness linked with an intracranial tumor. Its defining features, such as unilateral optic disc atrophy and contralateral papilledema, are identifiable through ophthalmoscopy. We present a case of FKS caused by a meningioma.Case Presentation: A 45-year-old woman reported progressively deteriorating vision over the past year, accompanied by severe headaches, nausea, vomiting, and recurrent convulsions. Ophthalmic examination revealed no light perception (NLP) in the right eye (RE) and finger counting ability in the left eye (LE). The Marcus Gunn Pupil was positive in the RE. Optic atrophy in the RE and papilledema in the LE were observed, consistent with type 1 FKS. A head computed tomography scan showed a sizable tumor suspected to be a meningioma in the right frontotemporal lobe. The patient received a combination of medical and surgical treatments.Discussion: FKS is a collection of findings on fundoscopy associated with frontal lobe tumors and is marked by ipsilateral optic nerve atrophy caused by direct compression of tumor on the optic nerve and contralateral papilledema due to increasing intracranial pressure. The incidence of true FKS has decreased in recent years due to advancements in neuroimaging, allowing for earlier detection of intracranial masses.Conclusion: Funduscopic examination is crucial in patients presenting with visual disturbances and headaches. When FKS is suspected, neuroimaging should be performed to confirm the presence of intracranial mass. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are essential for preserving visual function and addressing the underlying cause.