3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS: CUSTOMIZED DOSAGE FORMS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a modern manufacturing technology that allows for the creation of objects by building them layer by layer, providing distinct possibilities for use in the pharmaceutical field. 3D printing offers several benefits compared to traditional manufacturing, including the ability to customize medications for individual patient doses, produce items as needed, reduce costs, and create complex and multifunctional dosage forms. Since the approval of the first 3D-printed medication in 2015, there has been a significant increase in interest in using this technology for pharmaceuticals. This is especially true for creating solid oral dosage forms with customized drug release characteristics and personalized devices like implants. Various 3D printing techniques, including inkjet printing, binder jetting, fused filament fabrication, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and pressure-assisted microsyringe, are being investigated for their ability to produce polypills, manage release mechanisms, and integrate multiple medications into one unit. Although it holds potential for personalized medicine and patient-focused healthcare, there are still obstacles related to scalability, technical issues, and obtaining regulatory approval. Ongoing innovation, improvement of methods, and adjustments to regulations will be necessary for the successful incorporation of 3D printing into standard clinical and commercial pharmaceutical practices.