A non – parametric investigation of residential land selection factors in Ado – Ekiti, Nigeria

This research investigates the patterns and determinants of residential land use in Ado – Ekiti, Nigeria by employing the Kruskal – Wallis H test which is a non – parametric statistical tool suitable for analyzing non – normally distributed socio – economic data. Ado – Ekiti undergoing rapid urbanization presents complex land use dynamics shaped by multiple socio – economic, cultural, and environmental influences. The study surveyed 2000 land residential owners from three socio – economically distinct areas i.e. GRA 3rd Extension (high – income), Fayose Housing Estate (medium – income), and Marina Avenue (low – income) to explore factors guiding residential land selection. Key variables such as proximity to employment, security, environmental quality, income level, infrastructure and cultural ties were rated by respondents. Results highlighted proximity to employment, security and environmental quality as the leading determinants influencing residential location choices. The Kruskal – Wallis test however found no statistically significant differences in factor ratings across the three areas suggesting homogeneity in perceptions despite socio – economic stratification. A subsequent Dunn’s test identified a significant difference only between security and topography as influencing factors. Demographic analysis showed a predominance of male, middle – aged, married, educated and government – employed residents especially within higher – income neighborhoods. The study reveals that economic and infrastructural considerations overshadow cultural and topographical factors in residential decisions in Ado – Ekiti. These findings emphasize the need for government at all levels to prioritize employment accessibility, safety and environmental improvements to meet residents’ preferences and support sustainable urban growth. This research advances understanding of residential land use patterns in a developing city context like Ado – Ekiti providing empirical evidence for evidence – based urban land use policies.