THE INDICATIVE POTENTIAL OF LEXICAL BORROWINGS FROM ARABIC AND PERSIAN

The article considers Arabic and Persian borrowings in the lexical fund of the Kazakh language not only from the lexical perspective, but also as indicators of civilizational, spiritual-cultural, historical-intellectual, and religious influence. The indicative potential of Arabic and Persian words is identified, and their positive and negative impact in written practice is revealed, not only as borrowed units but also as indicators of specific social, cultural, historical, and linguistic phenomena. In the course of the research, the definitions and features of the use of the terms “indicator” and “indicative potential” in linguistics were clarified and systematized on the basis of the works of foreign scholars, and new conclusions regarding their application to Arabic and Persian words were proposed. The article analyzes the functions of Arabic and Persian borrowings in the Kazakh language as indicators of religious-spiritual, cultural-ethical, socio-historical, stratificational, educational, scientific, national-value, and literary-linguistic processes. On the basis of concrete examples, it is demonstrated that these words possess indicator significance. Since the indicator is not only a marker but also a category describing the state of a certain linguistic situation, the article analyzes the positive and negative influence of the indicative potential of Arabic and Persian words in the Kazakh language. Furthermore, it is shown that in the modern period Arabic and Persian elements in the language, through medialect, exert an influence on the transformation of codified language norms.