A Study on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Using WHO CVD Risk Prediction Chart Among Indian Diabetes Population: Using NFHS-5 (2019-21) Secondary Dataset

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major complication among individuals with diabetes, yet population-level evidence in India remains limited. Assesses 10-year CVD risk among adult men and women with diabetes using WHO laboratory- and non-laboratory-based risk prediction charts and nationally representative NFHS-5 data (2019-21). Results highlight that age, education, wealth, and regional factors significantly influence risk, with females generally exhibiting lower absolute risk but higher socio-economic vulnerability. Caste differences are minimal, while sector (urban-rural) effects vary by gender. Findings underscore importance of early detection, gender-sensitive screening, region-specific interventions, and integration of WHO risk tools into public health programs to reduce premature CVD mortality in India. Keywords:- CVD, Diabetes Mellitus, WHO Risk Score, Public health, Indian Population.