Emergency Monitoring Methods for Breaches in Tuanzhou Embankment of Dongting Lake Based on Multi-source Remote Sensing Coordination

[Objective] Emergency response to breaches has high requirements for timeliness, information accuracy, overall situational awareness, and coordinated observation. The aim of this study is to meet the urgent practical need for dynamic real-time monitoring of breaches, providing technical support for rapid post-disaster assessment and decision-making for flood control emergency rescue. [Methods] Considering the constraints of time, space, frequency, and spectrum, we developed a multi-source remote sensing collaborative monitoring method by using the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method to evaluate the dynamic monitoring capabilities of different collaborative schemes in response to breaches and their secondary flood disasters. The breach progression can be traced by inverting indicators such as breach width and inundated area within the embankment area. We further selected the “breach in the Tuanzhou Embankment of the Dongting Lake on July 5” as a case study for experimental analysis and validation. [Results] (1) under the breach monitoring scenario, the derived collaborative monitoring scheme achieved a comprehensive fitness value of 0.654. The breach width variation curve exhibited a general consistency with the trend of in-situ hydrological monitoring data. The relative error between the breach width derived from collaborative inversion and hydrological measurement was 0.98%, demonstrating high accuracy suitable for emergency monitoring. (2) The coordination monitoring scheme under the flood monitoring scenario achieved a comprehensive fitness value of 0.591. The inundation area variation curve within the embankment area was overall consistent with the trend of values calculated by the flood re-simulation model, with a relative error of -2.39%. This error primarily stemmed from the fitting accuracy of discrete values derived from multi-source remote sensing inversion and systematic errors in the re-simulation model calculations. [Conclusions] The developed multi-source coordination combination method integrates both the coordination monitoring process and the coordination data inversion, covering the entire monitoring period before, during, after the breach. It accurately reflects the piping and seepage processes and their propagation trends before the occurrence of breaches, thereby addressing the practical needs for timeliness, comprehensiveness, and coordination in responding to breaches and secondary flood disasters. In addition, the effectiveness of the experiments and applications in this study depends on the types and quantities of satellite resources that can be scheduled under emergency monitoring modes, as well as their alignment with monitoring task requirements. The more satellite resources involved in coordination and evaluation, the higher the monitoring frequency and coverage cycle can be increased, potentially improving the comprehensive fitness value.