COMPARATIVE LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF HUMOROUS DISCOURSE (based on Kazakh and English materials)

A comparative study of humor in a linguocultural aspect among various ethnic groups aims to identify and analyze the spiritually significant values of Kazakh and English cultures, as well as to examine the mechanisms of their transformation. Cultural values are reflected in humorous texts, which are closely intertwined with the daily life and traditions of each nation, manifesting in diverse ways. In this regard, analyzing humor in Kazakh and English from the perspective of its semiotic nature, encompassing pragmatic, syntactic, and syntagmatic levels, is both relevant and significant. In the study, the pragmatic aspect is considered through the lens of normative-evaluative and situational-logical discrepancies, the syntactic aspect is examined in the context of genre transformations of comic elements, while the syntagmatic aspect is interpreted as the interaction between the comic effect and its semiotic form. The purpose of the study is to identify cultural and linguistic differences in the mechanisms of construction of Kazakh and English humorous discourse. It also aims to describe the structural characteristics that determine the interpretation of communication links (pragmatic, syntactic and syntagmatic). Achieving this goal requires solving the following tasks: analyzing the structure of humorous communication, examining pragmatic realizations, syntactic incongruities, and syntagmatic features to determine their specificity. The study employs linguistic, linguocultural, and pragmalinguistic methods of analysis. The research material consists of Kazakh humorous expressions and English jokes, selected from well-known literary, cultural, and online sources. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the linguistic structure of humorous discourse, which has not previously been the subject of a comprehensive study in Kazakh linguistics, is presented in a comparative perspective based on Kazakh and English language materials. The results of the study contribute to the development of discourse theory within the framework of linguocultural studies. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying its findings in higher education courses on general linguistics, speech culture, pragmatics, and text linguistics, as well as in expanding scientific knowledge about the pragmatics of humor and speech acts.