Heat transfer characteristics of graphene oxide nanofluid in unsteady squeezing flow between plates

This study investigates the unsteady squeezing flow and heat transfer behavior of a graphene oxide–water nanofluid confined between two parallel plates. The research is motivated by the need to enhance thermal transport in micro- and nanoscale systems, where precise control of fluid flow and heat dissipation is critical. A time-dependent mathematical model is developed under the assumptions of incompressible, laminar and single-phase nanofluid flow, incorporating viscous dissipation and nanoparticle effects. Through similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are reduced to a system of nonlinear boundary value problems, which are then solved using a modified operational matrix method. The results demonstrate that the nanoparticle volume fraction, Prandtl number, Eckert number and squeezing parameter have a strong influence on the velocity and temperature fields. Validation through truncation error analysis, boundary condition checks and comparison with published Nusselt number data confirms the reliability of the proposed approach. The findings highlight the potential of graphene oxide nanofluids to significantly enhance heat transfer performance under dynamic squeezing conditions, offering promising benefits for applications in lubrication systems, microelectromechanical devices and advanced thermal management technologies.