Analysis of combustion enhancement and GHG emission reduction in gasoline-HHO hybrid motorcycles

This paper presents a novel technical solution to improve combustion efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in hybrid motorcycles by utilizing HHO-enriched gasoline (G-HHO) as fuel. The addition of HHO demonstrates significant benefits, particularly under high-load and high-speed operating conditions, which are typical for motorcycle engines. When transitioning from pure gasoline to G-HHO with a partial equivalence ratio of HHO (ϕ H ) of 0.04, engine power increases by 2.5% and 8% at engine speeds of 5000 rpm and 7500 rpm, respectively. At ϕ H =0.08, these gains rise to 4% and 12% at the same engine speeds. Compared to pure gasoline operation with an overall equivalence ratio ϕ=1 at 6000 rpm, the NO x concentration increases by 45% and 79% for ϕ H values of 0.04 and 0.1, respectively. Furthermore, at 5000 rpm and ϕ=1, the indicated engine cycle work increases by 4.14%, 3.58%, 2.73%, and 2.18% at engine loads of 100%, 90%, 80%, and 70%, respectively, when transitioning from gasoline to G-HHO with ϕ H =0.04. The reduction in CO 2 emissions is directly proportional to the increase in indicated engine cycle work. Under full-load conditions at 6000 rpm and ϕ=1, switching from gasoline to G-HHO reduces CO 2 emissions by 16% for ϕ H =0.08 and by 8% for ϕ H =0.04. These findings highlight the potential of G-HHO as a viable alternative fuel for enhancing engine performance and mitigating environmental impacts in motorcycles.