Impact of blood genetic markers on mental status and immune-metabolic profiles in patients with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder

According to contemporary literature, anxiety-depressive spectrum disorders occupy a leading position in the structure of mental pathology, representing one of the most prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide. In recent years, particular research attention has focused on investigating the pathogenetic mechanisms of these disorders, with growing scientific discussion surrounding the hypothesis of immune-metabolic dysregulation in central nervous system functioning in this pathology. The study conducted a comprehensive assessment of humoral (levels of various immunoglobulin classes, circulating immune complexes), cellular (T- and B-lymphocytes and their subpopulations), and metabolic immune parameters (pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute-phase proteins) in 100 patients diagnosed with mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (MADD) undergoing treatment at the day hospital of Voronezh Regional Clinical Psychoneurological Dispensary. Concurrent evaluation of psychopathological symptoms was performed using standardized psychometric scales (HADS), clinical-psychopathological examination, and structured interviews. Special emphasis was placed on investigating potential associations between specific blood genetic markers (AB (0) system phenotypes and Rh-factor) and both clinical manifestations and immune-metabolic parameters. The results demonstrated that while genetic markers showed no significant influence on the frequency or severity of psychopathological symptoms in MADD, clear correlations were identified between certain phenotypes and specific alterations in immunological and metabolic indicators. These findings suggest that anxiety-depressive disorders may develop through a complex pathogenetic mechanism involving coordinated interactions between clinical manifestations, immunological disturbances, and metabolic shifts. The results provide new perspectives for developing personalized approaches to diagnosis and treatment for this patient population, potentially informing future targeted therapeutic strategies that consider individual immune-metabolic profiles.