Research Trends on the Efficacy of Antidepressant Medications in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition characterized by significant emotional and functional impairments. This review aims to examine recent research on the efficacy of antidepressant medications in adults, focusing on drug classes such as SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, and novel agents like ketamine. It synthesizes findings from meta-analyses, pharmacogenetic studies, and advancements in neuroimaging, highlighting a shift toward personalized psychiatry. An evidence-based intervention protocol is proposed, integrating pharmacotherapy with psychotherapeutic approaches, including CBT, ACT, and IPT. Despite advancements, challenges persist in treatment accessibility, resistance, and long-term efficacy. The review advocates for integrated, patient-centered models addressing both biological mechanisms and systemic barriers to optimize MDD management.