Biological Mechanisms of Ageing and Emerging Methods to Delay Its Progression

Ageing is a process marked by a decline in bodily functions and increased susceptibility to diseases. The rapid increase in the global aging population, driven by decreasing birth rates, presents significant challenges including age-related diseases, diminished quality of life, and considerable social and economic pressures. Despite these challenges, a definitive solution to effectively slow the body's natural ageing process remains elusive. In this paper, we will examine the primary causes of ageing, such as telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and accumulation of altered proteins, to develop a clear understanding of the ageing process. This paper examines the primary causes of ageing, including telomere shortening, oxidative stress, and the accumulation of altered proteins, to foster a clearer understanding of the process. It also explores methods to mitigate ageing, such as targeting telomerase, increasing antioxidant concentrations via superoxide dismutase (SOD), and enhancing proteasome activity to clear damaged proteins.